Superelastic and pH-Responsive Degradable Dendrimer Cryogels Prepared by Cryo-aza-Michael Addition Reaction

Dendrimers exhibit super atomistic features by virtue of their well-defined discrete quantized nanoscale structures. Here, we show that hyperbranched amine-terminated polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer G4.0 reacts with linear polyethylene glycol (PEG) diacrylate (575 g/mol) via the aza-Michael addition reaction at a subzero temperature (−20 °C), namely cryo-aza-Michael addition, to form a macroporous superelastic network, i.e., dendrimer cryogel. Dendrimer cryogels exhibit biologically relevant Young’s modulus, high compression elasticity and super resilience at ambient temperature. Furthermore, the dendrimer cryogels exhibit excellent rebound performance and do not show significant stress relaxation under cyclic deformation over a wide temperature range (−80 to 100 °C). The obtained dendrimer cryogels are stable at acidic pH but degrade quickly at physiological pH through self-triggered degradation. Taken together, dendrimer cryogels represent a new class of scaffolds with properties suitable for biomedical applications

Integral-Partial Differential Equations of Isaacs' Type Related to Stochastic Differential Games with Jumps

In this paper we study zero-sum two-player stochastic differential games with jumps with the help of theory of Backward Stochastic Differential Equations (BSDEs). We generalize the results of Fleming and Souganidis [10] and those by Biswas [3] by considering a controlled stochastic system driven by a d-dimensional Brownian motion and a Poisson random measure and by associating nonlinear cost functionals defined by controlled BSDEs. Moreover, unlike the both papers cited above we allow the admissible control processes of both players to depend on all events occurring before the beginning of the game. This quite natural extension allows the players to take into account such earlier events, and it makes even easier to derive the dynamic programming principle. The price to pay is that the cost functionals become random variables and so also the upper and the lower value functions of the game are a priori random fields. The use of a new method allows to prove that, in fact, the upper and the lower value functions are deterministic. On the other hand, the application of BSDE methods [18] allows to prove a dynamic programming principle for the upper and the lower value functions in a very straight-forward way, as well as the fact that they are the unique viscosity solutions of the upper and the lower integral-partial differential equations of Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman-Isaacs' type, respectively. Finally, the existence of the value of the game is got in this more general setting if Isaacs' condition holds.Comment: 30 pages

Study on the Non-constructive Land in Town Development and it's Governance

This article tried to do some research, on the foundation of the study with the governance of non-constuctive land in China´s county territory to promote the balance of the region. Specifically, this paper reviews the necessity of research on town’s non-constructive land and designs the system of non-constructive land. Finally, by analyzing the correlation of the construction land and the non-construction 1and, the paper expounds the methods of the governance for non-constuctive land in town development. Key words: the developed area, county territory, non-constructive land, styling, governan Résumé: Le présent article cherche à effectuer des recherches sur la gouvernance de la terre non-constructive dans le territoire national de Chine dans le but de promouvoir l’équilibre des régions. Concrètement, l’article examine la nécessité de recherches sur la terre non-constructive du bourg et établit le système de la terre non-constructive. Finalement, en analysant la relation entre la terre constructive et la terre non-constructive, l’article expose les méthodes de gouvernance pour la terre non-constructive dans le développement du bourg. Mots-Clés: région développée, territoire national, terre non-constructive, style, gouvernanc

The development of the Chinese legal profession since 1978

This thesis focuses on introducing the development of, and changes in, the Chinese legal profession over this past twenty years, analysing the reasons that led to these changes, and considering both theoretical and practical problems. The Chinese legal profession has developed considerably since 1978 when the reform and opening up movement was begun. Major changes have taken place in the lawyer’s social status, business, work institutions and in the supervision system. Compared with the end of the 1970s, the legal profession nowadays is much more commercialised and professional. The changes have a symbiotic relationship with the changes in Chinese society: economic and ideological changes have transformed the role of lawyers and the law, which have in turn led to changes in society. The transformation of the Chinese society is still going on, and corresponding future changes are expected in the legal profession